Use Rain Water for Car Battery

 Rain water is very good for your Car Battery because rain water don't contain any mineral on it. Rain water is proceed from natural condensation. Rain water may dissolve gasses from air, and if gasses contain acidic material so rain water can be acid rain. But normally rain water have pH from 5 to 6.5. This condition is very good for Car Battery. But if you have use other kind of battery like dry cell it don;t use water anymore. 

Here is the video that use rain water to refill my Car Battery:

Organize File Using Excel

To organize your company data very simple using Excel, you can write every data on the excel database, and the if you need other report that using this data you just make link data on the excel data that already created. You don't need to create data similarly this is wasting your time to spent the similar data. 

For this you need to understand the using of excel in organize other wise you can't make interconection data. If you need more understand about excel you can follow my excel tutorial. 

You do not need to follow all tutorial because this tutorial is arrange from the beginning till the end, you just follow what kind of tutorial you need and select the sequence in the Grahito Channel Dasboard. 

Here is the video of Excel Tutorial Complete. 

Electropolishing of Aluminum

Electropolishing Aluminum Content:

• The Scheme of Electropolishing
• Electropolishing Definition
• Electropolishing Bath:
• Related Articles:

The Scheme of Electropolishing

Before the aluminum be proceed by anodizing, the material must treat use electropolishing first, this process will open the surface film above the aluminum part, because in the store or travel after the aluminum be produced will react with free air build an aluminum oxide that cover the surface of aluminum. To open the surface pore can't use just dipped in water but must use electric current. Even if dipped in hot water the pores can be closed.

Electropolishing Definition

Electropolishing is an excellent preparation of metals for electroplating, this is a kind of metal surface treatment before anodizing process or other kind of process. In addition to providing a chemically and physically clean surface, electropolishing removes mechanically surface damage. As a result, subsequent electroplates have the best adhesion possible and a decreased tendency toward developing pits and voids that lower corrosion protection. Metal surfaces that have been machined, ground, picked and rolled, abrasive polished, and buffed, have asperities that are detrimental to uniform and pit-free electroplates, adhesion of the plate, and strength of the interface region of the plate basis metal.





Electropolishing is a process of producing a polished and bright limit on the surface of metals. In this process the metal part or the device to be coated with a layer of suitable metal is immersed, as the anode in a solution having such a composition that when the metal is made the anode, there occur unstable conditions of passivity which manifest themselves by an anomalous change in current strength is adjusted to give a current density, previously determined by observation, which is characteristic for the given metal and the given solution, at which there occurs the transformation of the Matt surface into a bright polished one.

Electropolishing Bath:

The most common used in electropolishing bath are based on sulfuric and phosphoric acids in about 50/50 weight proportion at about 54 to 105 ^oC for ferrous alloys, 85% phosphoric acid for copper at about 43 to 60 ^oC; and phosphoric acid with about 5 to 7% chromic anhydride (CrO₃) at about 60 ^oC for brass.

Current density of practical electropolishing range from 5 to 40 A/dm2, depending on the metal being finished, type of bath, and temperature. The time required usually is 2 to 7 min for current densities of 15 to 30 A/dm² and temperature of 54 to 82 ^oC.

The solution used for the polishing of aluminum can be divided into two groups. The first of these includes the phosphate, alkaline and fluoboric acid solution. They are characterized by a low rate of dissolution of the metal and are used as a finishing treatment for mechanically polished parts with a view to obtain a very high reflectivity. They are employed for treatment of reflectors where a high coefficient of reflection can’t be obtained by mechanical polishing alone. The fluoboric acid and the phosphate electrolytes are suitable only for treatment of aluminum of high purity. The second group includes solutions containing phosphoric acid, sulfuric and chromic acid. They are characterized by a higher rate of dissolution of the metal than the solutions belonging to the first group, and they enable the smoothing out of microasparities and the production of a bright, but not a mirror finished surface. These solution are used in place of mechanical surface finishing operations for parts of aluminum of different purity grades and for certain wrought aluminum alloys. In addition to the above, solutions of perchloric acid and acetic anhydride have also been recommended for the polishing of aluminum. The use of these electrolytes, however, involves taking certain precautions because of the risk of explosions.

The purity of aluminum is an important factor in electropolishing of the metal. An appreciable increase in reflectivity can achieved only in able amount of admixtures is much less satisfactory. Very often polishing becomes impossible because of the non-uniform dissolution of the surface of the anode. This factor renders difficult the polishing of aluminum alloys, especially those containing silicon. For the treatment of castings of an aluminum alloy containing 5 per cent silicon, an electrolyte comprising 13 per cent hydro-fluoroboric acid and 52 percent glycerin is recommended. The solution is used at 25 0C with a current density of 200 amp./sq.ft., the time of polishing being 10 minutes. During polishing the solution is stirred.

Related Articles:

• Aluminum Anodizing
• Formulation
• Operating Condition of Electroplating
• Fluoboric Acid Solution
• Alkaline Solution
• Phosporic Sulfuric Chromic Acid Solution
• Anodizing in Oxalic Acid
• Sealing Oxide Film
• Aluminum Anodized Color

Aluminum Anodizing

anodized aluminum product

Article Contents:

Aluminum Anodizing Practice

Aluminum Anodizing Steps

Electropolishing

Alkaline Solution Treatment

Rinsing

Jigging

Anodizing

Racking and Rinsing

Sealing and Coloring

Polishing after Anodized

Related Articles

Aluminum Anodizing Practice

Aluminum anodizing is a process to cover aluminum surface with substance below the oxidized aluminum layer on the surface. This layer is very thin and transparent so the substance below this surface can be seen and can be coloring etc. To make aluminum surface have good color usually use textile coloring agent.

The electro deposition of anodized aluminum has been investigated for use in coating steel strip, in electrorefening and in the cladding of uranium. Upto 76-cm diameter parabolic mirrors have been electroformed in 750-liter solutions. Limited commercial applications of aluminum plating have been reported.

Aluminum, because it is much more chemically active than hydrogen, probably cannot be electrodeposited from solution that contain water or any other compound with an acidic hydrogen, for example, acids, alcohols, esters, ammonia, and primary and secondary amines. It can be electrodeposited from inorganic and organic fused salt mixtures and from solutions of aluminum compounds in certain organic solvents, only the National Bureau of Standards hydride process has achieved a modest degree of use and is considered in this chapter.

Aluminum Anodizing Steps:

The step to anodized aluminum should be as follows:

1. Electropolishing of Aluminum

Before the aluminum being proceed by anodizing, the material must treat use electropolishing first, this process will open the surface film above the aluminum surface, because in the store or travel after the aluminum be produced will react with free air build an aluminum oxide that cover the surface of aluminum. On this process aluminum oxide film like being peeled up. To open the surface pore can't use just dipped in water but must use electric current. Even if dipped in hot water the pores still closed. To open before aluminum anodized should proceed in electric current on the acid solution.

2. Alkaline Solution Treatment

The next step of aluminum anodizing is treated in alkali solution. The concentration of free alkali in the solution is one of the major factors which determines the program of the polishing process when treating aluminum in an alkaline solution. Although alkali is not one of the constituents used in making up the solution. It is formed in the bath as a result of hydrolysis. As the solution is used, the concentration of free alkali rises as a result of reaction of aluminum with sodium hydrogen phosphate. The optimum of alkali in the solution is 15 – 18 gram per liter.

3. Rinsing

Rinsing is a process that does in between of aluminum anodizing process step, rinsing also do in preparation for plating. The result quality will depend on the rinsing process, if many chemicals or organic substance left on the metal surface will result a bad electroplated or anodized product.

4. Jigging

Jigging is a process to parts which have been polished with polishing pastes are degreased using organic solvent, such as benzine or dichloromethane, and are dried in air until the traces of the solvent is disappeared. They are then mounted on anodizing jigs made of aluminum or clad alloy. The design of the jig requires special considerations. It should ensure a firm contact with both the work and the anode bar and at the same time the area of contact should be as small as possible because this area will remain not anodized. It should be just sufficient to avoid local heating of the metal, which is usually the cause of an attack on the surface of the work during the anodizing process.

5. Aluminum Anodizing

Aluminum anodizing takes into account the composition of the solution, the alloy and the service requirement. To maintain the required temperature cooling arrangements in the case of sulfuric acid anodizing and heating solution is agitated by means of compressed air which is introduced trough a perforated coiled pipe arranged along the bottom of the vat. The cathodes used in anodizing baths, especially those of sulfuric acid, is very great. It is therefore almost unnecessary to use auxiliary cathodes when anodizing of the interior of pipes. If the length of the pipe exceed ten time the diameter, an internal cathode must be used.

6.Racking and Rinsing

Aluminum racks are preferred for plating aluminum alloys. It is recommended that 1100 alloy be used for the spines and 2024 alloys for the contacts. By increasing the cross sectional area of the spines by about 40%, a conductance equal of that of a copper rack is obtained. Where contact marks are not important, regular phosphor-bronze contact may be used. When phosphor-bronze contacts are used, however, the area adjacent to the contact may develop a small blister as a result of galvanic action in the zinc immersion bath. When nitric-hydrofluoric acids etch is used for conditioning, aluminum contacts should be used. Racking and rinsing several time to make sure that the part really clean.

7. Sealing and Coloring

The oxide films obtained after aluminum is anodized have considerable porosity and high adsorption capacity. Sealing of the film increases their resistances to corrosion and improves their electrical insulating properties. Sealing is essential for films that have been produced by anodizing in sulfuric acid, because only after sealing do the film acquire a sufficiently high resistance to corrosion, because surface of aluminum is anodized. The following methods can be used for sealing anodic oxide films:

8. Polishing after Anodized

One of the major applications of anodized aluminum involves the production of finishes resembling bronze, brass, gold, silver and their alloys. In such cases apart from the choice of suitable coloring materials, an important part is played by the conditioning and preparation of the surface of the metal prior to anodizing. A mechanically polished surface become dull after the first four minutes of anodizing in sulfuric acid. The absence of a metallic luster effects the appearance, the dyed film giving the appearance of a plastic surface. To retain the metallic lustrous, it is necessary to produce a passive film capable of withstanding the action of sulfuric acid. This can be achieved by electro polishing. After electro polishing, the surface of the metal retains its luster even after one hour's anodizing. A pretreatment of this nature also helps the production of more intense color.


Related articles:

• Formulation
• Operating Condition of Electroplating
• Fluoboric Acid Solution
• Phosphoric Sulfuric Chromic Acid Solution
• Anodizing in Oxalic Acid
• Anodizing Practice
• Anodizing Plant
• Decorative Finishing
• Chemical Composition
• Anodizing for Photographic Reproduction
• Anodizing Result
• Aluminum Definition
• Aluminum Source
• Miscellaneous Product of Aluminum
• Aluminum Anodized Color

Example of Anodizing Products:

Black Anodized Aluminum Bar

Black Anodized Aluminum Bar

Black Anodized Aluminum Sheet:

Black Anodized aluminum Sheet

Black Anodized Aluminum Part:

Black Anodized Aluminum Part

Black Anodized Aluminum for Electronic Casing:

Black Anodized Aluminum Electronic Casing

Less People Know Anodizing

If we compare to electroplating, anodizing is less known be general people because there is no people find out metal with already anodized in the store, or people want to anodize of aluminum to make more interested. Beside less people use this service, also less people use pure aluminum metal to make something. Usually they just use the available product from the store that normally already anodized. So that is why this blog about anodizing also less visitor, or only few people want to know about anodizing.

To know more about anodizing you can browse through this blog, many articles may useful for your preference.